The "Set A" verb 'following it, him, her'
Root verb -hsda:ɂwade-
Note: Not only is this an "h-stem" verb, but it
also requires an animate object pronoun whenever the object
being followed is alive, living. However, since this is a consonant
stem verb, the difference between pronouns for animate vs
inanimate for 1st and 2nd person singular pronouns can sound fairly
subtle, i.e., the "i" of the prefix is pronounced short for
inanimate objects but long for animate objects. For a more complete
discussion about animate object pronouns, go to:
Pronouns - Part III - Animate Object
This is also an "h-Stem" verb. For an explanation of h-stem
verbsclick here
Present Tense
ᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - tsi-ɂsda:wade-ga - I am following it.
ᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - tsi:-ɂsda:wade-ga - I am following him.
ᎯᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - hi-hsda:wade-ga - you are following it.
ᎯᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - hi:-ɂsda:wade-ga - you are following him/her.
ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - a-hsda;wade-ga - he/she/it is following it/him/her.
ᎢᏂᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - ini-hsda:wade-ga - the two of us (including you)
are following it.
ᎡᏂᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - eni-ɂsda:wade-ga - the two of us (including you)
are following him.
ᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - sdi-hsda:wade-ga - you two are following it.
ᎡᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - esdi-ɂsda:wade-ga - you two are following him.
ᎣᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - osdi-ɂsda:wade-ga - the two of us (not including you) are following him/her/it.
ᎢᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - idi-hsda:wade-ga -we all (including you) are
following it.
ᎡᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - edi-ɂsda:wade-ga -we all (including you) are
following him/her.
ᎣᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - otsi-hsda:wade-ga -we all (not including you) are following it/him/her.
ᎢᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - itsi-hsda:wade-ga -you all are following it.
ᎡᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - etsi-ɂsda:wade-ga -you all are following him/her.
ᎠᏂᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ - ani-hsda:wade-ga -they are following it/him/her.
Example Sentences
- 1. Ꮎ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎣᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ. Na asgaya otsiɂsdawadega.
- We are all (excluding you) following (him) that man.
- 2. ᎤᏙ ᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ. - Udo tsi:ɂsdawadega.
- I am following my sister.
- 3. ᎾᎿ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᏧᏣ ᎤᏙᏓ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ. Nahna usdi atsutsa udoda ahsdawadega.
- That little boy is following his father.
- 5. ᏗᏕᏲᎲᏍᎦ ᎣᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ.
- We two are following the teacher.
- 6. ᏗᏕᏲᎲᏍᎩᏍ ᎡᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ? Dideyohvsgis e:tsi:sda:wadega?
- Are you all following the teacher?
- 7. ᎭᏗ, ᏗᏕᏲᎲᏍᎩ ᎨᏍᏗ ᏲᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ. Hadi, dideyohvsgi gesdi yo:tsi:ɂsda:wadega.
- No, we are not following the teacher.
- 8. ᏙᏃ ᎾᎿ ᎩᎦᎨ ᏓᏆᎴᎷ ᎾᎥᏂ ᎢᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎦ? Dohno nahna dagwalelu gigage naɂvni i:di:hsda:wadega?
- Why are we following close to that red car?
Vocabulary
ᎤᏙ - udo - sibling of the opposite sex
ᏓᏆᎴᎷ - dagwalelu - car (wagon)
ᏗᏕᏲᎲᏍᎩ - dideyohvsgi - a teacher
Habitual Present
ᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - tsi-ɂsda:wade-goɂi - I follow it.
ᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - tsi:-ɂsda:wade-goɂi - I follow .him/her.
ᎯᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - hi-hsda:wade-goɂi - you follow it.
ᎯᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - hi:-ɂsda:wade-goɂi - you follow him/her.
ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - a-hsda:wade-goɂi - he/she/it follows him/her/it.
ᎢᏂᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - i:ni:-hsda:wade-goɂi - You and I follow it.
ᎡᏂᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - eni-ɂsda:wade-goɂi - the two of us (including
you) follow him/her.
ᎣᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - ohsdi:-ɂsda:wade-goɂi - He(or She) and I follow him/her/it.
ᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - sdi:-hsda:wade-goɂi - You two follow it.
ᎡᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - e:sdi:-ɂsda:wade-goɂi - You two follow him/her.
ᎢᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - i:di:-hsda:wade-goɂi - We (including you)
follow it.
ᎡᏗᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - e:di:-ɂsda:wade-goɂi - We (including you) follow
him/her.
ᎣᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - o:tsi:-ɂsda:wade-goɂi - We (not including you) follow him/her/it.
ᎢᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - i:tsi:-hsda:wade-goɂi - You all follow it.
ᎡᏥᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - e:tsi:-ɂsda:wade-goɂi - You all follow him/her.
ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏕᎪᎢ - ani:-hsda:wade-goɂi - They follow him/her/it.
Progressive Past
*Built on the Habitual stem*ᏥᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᎬᎢ - tsi:-ɂsda:wad-vsgvɂi - I was following him.
ᎯᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᎬᎢ hi:-ɂsda:wad-vsgvɂi - you were following him
ᎠᏓᏩᏛᏍᎬᎢ - a-hsdawad-vsgvɂi - he was following him
etc.
NOTE: ᎠᏓᏍᏓᏩᏗᏙᎯ - a-da-hsdawad-idohi (ᎠᎾᏓᏍᏓᏩᏗᏙᎯ anadahsdawadidohi) = disciple(s) one who follows or those who follow. (Includes the "reflexive prefix". Possible idea of the meaning is "he causes himself to follow"?)
Remote Past (perfective)
*Note! Animate Object pronouns have no separate Set B forms. Since there are no 3rd person (he/they) animate forms, those Set B forms are used where appropriate. Set B pronouns are used when the object is inanimate.*
ᎠᎩᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - aki-sda:wad-v:svɂi - I followed it.
ᏥᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - tsi:-ɂsda:wad-v:svɂi - I followed him/her.
ᏣᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᎥᎢ - tsha-sda:wadv:s-vɂi - you followed it.
ᎯᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᎥᎢ - hi:-ɂsda:wadv:s-vɂi - you followed him/her.
ᎤᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - u-hsda:wad-v:svɂi - he followed him/her/it.
ᎩᏂᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - gini:-hsda:wad-v:svɂi- You and I followed it.
ᎡᏂᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - e:ni:-ɂsda:wad-v:svɂi- You and I followed
him/her.
ᎣᎩᏂᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - o:gini:-hsda:wad-v:svɂi- He/She and I followed
it.
ᎣᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - ohsdi:-ɂsda:wad-v:svɂi- He/She and I followed
him/her.
ᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - sdi:-hsda:wad-v:svɂi- You two followed it.
ᎡᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - e:sdi:-ɂsda:wad-v:svɂi- You two followed
him/her.
ᎢᎩᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - i:gi:-hsda:wad-v:svɂi- We (including you)
followed him/her/it.
ᎡᏗᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - e:di:-ɂsda:wad-v:svɂi- We (including you)
followed it.
ᎣᎩᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - o:gi:-hsda:wad-v:svɂi- We (not including you)
followed him/her/it.
ᎣᏥᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - o:tsi:-ɂsda:wad-v:svɂi- We (not including you)
followed him/her/it.
ᎢᏥᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - i:tsi:-hsda:wad-v:svɂi- You all followed it.
ᎡᏥᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - e:tsi:-ɂsda:wad-v:svɂi- You all followed him/her.
ᎤᏂᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - u:ni:-hsda:wad-v:svɂi- They followed him/her/it.
Imperative/Immediate
ᎯᏍᏓᏩᏚᎦ - hi:-ɂsda:wad-uga - Follow him!
ᎡᏍᏓᏍᏓᏩᏚᎦ - esdi-ɂsda:wad-uga - You two follow him!
ᎡᏥᏍᏓᏩᏚᎦ - etsi-ɂsda:wad-uga - Y'all follow him!
ᎡᏗᏍᏓᏩᏚᎦ - edi-ɂsda:wad-uga - Let's all follow him!
Infinitive
*Note! Animate Object pronouns have no separate Set
B forms. Since there are no 3rd person (he/they) or "excluding"
animate forms, those Set B forms are used where appropriate.*
ᎠᎩᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - aki-sda:wad-v:sdi for me to follow it.
ᏥᏍᏓᏩᏛᏒᎢ - tsi:-ɂsda:wad-v:sdi - or me to follow him/her.
ᏣᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - tsha-sda:wad-v:sdi - for you to follow it.
ᎯᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - hi:-ɂsda:wad-v:sdi - for you to follow him/her.
ᎤᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - u-hsda:wad-v:sdi - for him/her/it to follow him/her/it.
ᎩᏂᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - gini-hsda:wad-v:sdi - for the two of us
(including you) to follow it.
ᎡᏂᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - eni-ɂsda:wad-v:sdi - for the two of us (including
you) to follow him.
ᎣᎩᏂᏗᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - ogini-hsda:wad-v:sdi - for the two of us (not
including you ) to follow it.
ᎣᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - osdi-ɂsda:wad-v:sdi - for the two of us (not
including you ) to follow him.
ᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - sdi-hsda:wad-v:sdi - for you two to follow it.
ᎡᏍᏗᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - esdi-ɂsda:wad-v:sdi - for you two to follow
him/her.
ᎢᎩᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - igi-hsda:wad-v:sdi - for us all (including you)
to follow it.
ᎡᏗᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - edi-ɂsda:wad-v:sdi - for us all (including you)
to follow him/her.
ᎣᎩᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - ogi-hsda:wad-v:sdi - for us all (not including
you) to follow him.
ᎣᏥᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - otsi-ɂsda:wad-v:sdi - for us all (not including
you) to follow him.
ᎤᏂᏍᏓᏩᏛᏍᏗ - uni-hsda:wad-v:sdi - for them to follow him/her/it.